Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks one or more arteries in the lungs. Most pulmonary embolisms occur when part of a clot from a deep vein thrombosis travels to the lungs.
A pulmonary embolism is a medical emergency. Symptoms can develop suddenly and may worsen quickly. Immediate medical attention is required.
Key Facts
- A pulmonary embolism (PE) happens when a blood clot travels to your lungs and blocks blood flow. It most often comes from a clot in the legs called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 🔗
- Symptoms can include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, or feeling faint. Some people may also have swelling or pain in a leg beforehand if a clot started there. 🔗
- A PE can be serious and life-threatening if not treated quickly. Doctors use tests like D-dimer blood tests and CT scans to confirm the diagnosis, and treatments (like blood thinners) help stop more clots forming. 🔗
Symptoms
- Sudden shortness of breath.
- Chest pain, often sharp and worse with breathing.
- Rapid or irregular heart rate.
- Coughing up blood.
- Dizziness, fainting or collapse.
Aggravating Factors
- Recent or current deep vein thrombosis.
- Recent surgery or hospitalisation.
- Prolonged immobility or long-distance travel.
Causes
Pulmonary embolism occurs when a clot obstructs blood flow in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange and placing strain on the heart. Severity ranges from small clots with mild symptoms to massive embolisms that can be fatal.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Pulmonary embolism is diagnosed and managed in hospital. If PE is suspected at any time, emergency services should be contacted immediately.
Physiotherapy Management
Physiotherapists do not manage pulmonary embolism. If symptoms suggestive of PE occur during a physiotherapy session, emergency services must be contacted immediately.
Other Treatments
Medical treatment includes anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy in severe cases, and supportive care. Long-term management depends on severity and underlying risk factors.
When to See a Physio
- Sudden unexplained breathlessness or chest pain.
- Collapse, fainting or coughing up blood.